The mosque has long been considered as a basic element in human society and in various forms. Sometimes it has been known as a place of prayer, sometimes as a place of worship, and in different religions and regions and in different periods of time, it has been known by other names. In Iran, there have been mosques in the heart of the city for a long time, and the architecture of mosques has always been of interest. The first Islamic mosque was built by the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) and his companions in Medina and has been imitated and modeled by Islamic artists.
The wall of the Medina mosque was made of rubble stone and its sky was covered with beams and thrones, and the nave of the mosque was raised slightly higher than the top of a tall man. As Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) did in the building of God's house. Despite the fact that Islam is not opposed to luxury and beauty within its reasonable limits, the spirit governing the guidelines of Islam regarding different consumption patterns such as clothing, housing, vehicles and food all indicate that one of the value criteria in Islam is simplicity and Reverence is one of the worldly manifestations; Therefore, decorating the dome of the mosque with decorations that are common in the palaces of kings and people of the world is against Islamic values.
The dome of the mosque was built at the beginning of the second century of Hijri and mostly in Khorasan with piles and thick walls and narrow covered openings. From the beginning of the third century of Hijri and with the expansion of cities and villages, magnificent and large mosques were founded in most cities. The domes were also built as a single and free booth for the mosque. In Iran, it was after the fall of the Sassanids that the construction of mosques began. During the first three centuries of Islamic rule in Iran, mosques were built in a very simple manner following Sassanid architecture.
The birthplace of the first examples of Islamic architecture in Iran is considered to be in Khorasan. In Khorasan and the Khorasan style, the general plan of its buildings was adapted from the mosques of early Islam, and the mosques were built in the form of a square or forty columns. This figure only means the presence of numerous columns that are placed around the central courtyard and make the naves or porches. The arches used in the Khorasani style are oval or egg-shaped, examples of which are; Firouzabad and Taq Kasari can be mentioned.
From the fourth century of Hijri, the influence of ancient Ashkan and Sassanid architecture increased in the construction of mosques. From now on, the porch and the dome, whose construction began in the Ashkan period and became popular in the Sassanid era, became inseparable parts of the mosque body. From this period onwards, a porch and a dome were built by removing rows of columns from the porticoes, and mosques with porticoes were converted into porticoes, and finally, in the late 5th and early 6th centuries, during the Seljuk period, mosques with four porticos appeared.